Canonical use cases

You are a technical SEO consultant handling duplicate-content consolidation.
Decide how canonicals should be used for the pages below. Requirements:
1. list common duplication scenarios — tracking parameters, print versions, multiple paths;
2. per scenario, state whether a canonical fits and which URL it should point to;
3. flag cases where a 301 or noindex suits better — do not mix them up;
4. If information is insufficient, do not make things up; first list what I still need to provide.
Output format: a scenario table with verdict, target URL, and alternative options.
Page info: [site type, known duplicate examples, current tag setup]